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Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars were a series of conflicts in the 12th and 13th centuries between the Republic of Novgorod and medieval Sweden over control of the Gulf of Finland, an area vital to the Hanseatic League and part of the Varangian-Byzantine trade route. The Swedish attacks against Orthodox Russians had religious overtones, but before the 14th century there is no knowledge of official Crusade bulls issued by the Pope.
==Background==
Scandinavians enjoyed trade- and other relations with Novgorod from the Viking Ages onwards. Merchants from Gotland had their own trading house, Gutagård, and the St. Olof church in Novgorod. There were also isolated Scandinavian raids on Novgorod. Eiríkr Hákonarson raided Ladoga in 997, followed by his brother Sveinn Hákonarson in 1015. After Yaroslav I's marriage to Ingegerd of Sweden in 1019, Ladoga was made a jarldom in the orbit of Kievan Rus. It was ruled by Ragnvald Ulfsson, father of King Stenkil. There were dynastic marriages between Russian and Scandiniavian royal families e.g. Stenkil's granddaughter Christina married Mstislav of Novgorod, upon whose death in 1132 Novgorod seceded from Kievan Rus.
The major turning point into more permanent conflict between Sweden and Novgorod arrived with Sweden's firmer organization into the Catholic Church in the 12th century and papal requests for crusades against lands controlled by the Orthodox church.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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